Tramadol Information

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Tramadol Use

Tramadol is a prescription medication that is used to relieve moderate to severe pain. It belongs to the group of medicines called analgesics (pain relievers). Also known as Tramal and Zydol.

How Tramadol works

Tramadol medicine contains the active ingredient tramadol hydrochloride, which is a type of medicine called an opioid analgesic or painkiller. Opioid painkillers work by mimicking the action of naturally occurring pain-reducing chemicals called endorphins. Endorphins are found in the brain and spinal cord and reduce pain by combining with opioid receptors. Tramadol mimics the action of our natural endorphins by combining with the opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord. This blocks the transmission of pain signals sent by the nerves to the brain. Therefore, even though the cause of the pain may remain, less pain is actually felt. Tramadol also works by enhancing the activity of neurotransmitters in the brain and spinal cord. Neurotransmitters are chemical compounds that act as chemical messengers between the nerve cells. Tramadol enhances the effect of the neurotransmitters serotonin and noradrenaline, and this action also helps relieve pain.

How to take Tramadol

Follow your doctor's instructions. For pain treatment with Tramadol the normal prescribed dose is one-half to two 50 mg tablets every four to six hours as needed (not to exceed 8 tablets in one day).

Tramadol precautions

• if you have an allergy to any other medicines known as opioid analgesics, eg. morphine or codeine.
• if you have taken large amounts of alcohol or other substances which can affect your level of consciousness
• if you are taking medicine for depression containing a "monoamine oxidase inhibitor" also known as MAOI, or have taken any within the past two weeks. Examples of MAOI-containing medicines are Nardil, Parnate.
• if you are having treatment for withdrawal from narcotics
• if the packaging is torn or shows signs of tampering
• if any tablets look damaged or discoloured
• if it is after the expiry date which is printed on the carton box.

What to tell your doctor

Tramadol may interact with the following drugs: antidepressants, antihistamines, sedatives, appetite suppressants, tranquilizers, sleeping prescription medicine, prescription pain prescription medicine or narcotics, barbiturates, prescription medicine for seizures, muscle relaxants, and/or anesthetics. If you are currently taking any of these prescription medicines talk to your doctor to see if Tramadol is right for you. Also, before having any kind of surgery (including dental procedures) make sure the medical doctor or dentist in charge is aware that you are taking Tramadol. Before you take Tramadol, let your doctor know if you:

• Have a head injury.
• Have a seizure disorder.
• Have a metabolic disorder.
• Have a central nervous system (CNS) infection.
• Have kidney or liver disease.
• Are pregnant or nursing.
• Are experiencing alcohol or drug withdrawal.
• Are taking a tricyclic antidepressant.
• Are taking psychiatric medication.
• Are taking a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) such as Prozac.
• Are taking a narcotic pain reliever such as codeine.
• Are taking promethazine (Phenergan) or prochlorperazine.
• Are taking appetite suppressants.
• Are taking cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)

Tramadol side effects

All medicines can cause unwanted effects, and some side-effects have been reported with Tramadol. Side-effects reported with Tramadol are usually minor and temporary, but some may be serious.

The most common side-effects of Tramadol are:

• dizziness
• sedation, fatigue
• headache
• constipation
• nausea, vomiting
• sweating
• dry mouth.

The following side-effects are less common:

• indigestion
• changes in appetite
• skin reactions
• sudden onset of low blood pressure, collapse
• muscle weakness
• tremor
• seizures
• respiratory depression
• improvement of mood
• confusion
• sleep disturbance
• blurred vision
• difficulty in passing urine
• Serotonin Syndrome: signs of this vary and are not specific; they may include fever, sweating, confusion, agitation, diarrhoea, muscle twitching, difficulty with walking and balance. Serotonin Syndrome may result from interaction of tramadol with other medicines which increase serotonin effects, for example, the SSRI antidepressants.

This is not a complete listing. Occasionally, other side-effects may be experienced. Tell your doctor immediately if you experience any of the following side-effects, as urgent medical treatment may be required:

• skin rash (red spots or patches), itching hives, skin lumps
• swelling or puffiness of the eyelids, face or lips
• chest tightness, wheezing or pain in the chest
• heart palpitations, faintness or collapse
• hallucinations
• convulsions.

If you experience any side-effects that have not been mentioned here, consult your doctor or pharmacist as soon as possible.

Tramadol Overdose

Symptoms of overdose may include: confusion vomiting decreased size of the pupil (the black circle in the center of the eye) difficulty breathing extreme drowsiness unconciousness coma seizure heart attack.

In case of overdose, call your local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. If the victim has collapsed or is not breathing, call local emergency services at 911.